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        • Earn interest on Ethereum
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        • What is APY in Crypto?
        • Yield Farming Platforms
        • Yield Farming vs Staking
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        • Best DeFi Apps
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        • Best DEX Coins
        • DAO Crypto Projects
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    • Bitcoin Price Prediction
      • ALICE Price Prediction
      • ApeCoin Price Prediction
      • Axie Infinity Prediction
      • Battle Infinity Prediction
      • Cardano Price Prediction
      • Chia Coin Price Prediction
      • DeFi Coin Price Prediction
      • Dogecoin Price Prediction
      • Dogelon Mars Prediction
      • Ethereum Price Prediction
      • Floki Inu Price Prediction
      • Hoge Coin Price Prediction
      • LBLOCK Price Prediction
      • LUNA Price Prediction
      • Pi Coin Price Prediction
      • Polygon Price Prediction
      • SafeMoon Price Prediction
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    • Best Altcoins
      • Buy Battle Infinity
      • Buy Bitcoin Cash
      • Buy Binance Coin
      • Buy Celo
      • Buy Cardano
      • Buy Cartesi
      • Buy Chiliz
      • Buy Cronos
      • Buy Dash
      • Buy EOS
      • Buy ENS
      • Buy Ethereum
      • Buy Ethereum Classic
      • Buy FTX Token
      • Buy HBAR
      • Buy IOST
      • Buy IOTA
      • Buy Litecoin
      • Buy Livepeer
      • Buy Loopring
      • Buy Lucky Block
      • Buy LUNA 2.0
      • Buy LUNC
      • Buy Neo
      • Buy Pitbull Coin
      • Buy Polkadot
      • Buy RadioCaca
      • Buy Solana
      • Buy Spark
      • Buy VeChain
      • Buy XRP
      • Buy ZCash
    • Best Crypto Exchanges
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      • Binance Review
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      • Margin Trading Exchanges
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    • Best Meme Coins
      • Best Dog Cryptos
      • Buy Baby Doge
      • Buy Dogecoin
      • Buy Floki Inu
      • Buy Kiba Inu
      • Buy Shiba Inu
      • Buy Tamadoge
    • Best DeFi Coins
      • Buy 1inch
      • Buy Aave
      • Buy Algorand
      • Buy Ankr
      • Buy Avalanche
      • Buy Balancer
      • Buy Bancor
      • Buy Chainlink
      • Buy Compound
      • Buy Cosmos
      • Buy Curve
      • Buy DeFi Coin
      • Buy DYDX
      • Buy Fantom
      • Buy Kyber Network
      • Buy Maker
      • Buy Polygon
      • Buy Ren
      • Buy Serum
      • Buy Storj
      • Buy Sushiswap
      • Buy Tezos
      • Buy Uniswap
    • Best Web 3.0 Coins
      • Buy Basic Attention Token
      • Buy Biconomy
      • Buy Filecoin
      • Buy Theta
  • NFTs
    • How To Buy NFTs
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      • Best Utility NFT Projects
      • Buy NFTs on Binance
      • How to Flip NFTs
      • Make Money With NFTs
    • Best Metaverse Coins
      • Buy ApeCoin
      • Buy Axie Infinity
      • Buy Decentraland
      • Buy DeFi Kingdoms
      • Buy Enjin
      • Buy Gala
      • Buy GMT
      • Buy Immutable X
      • Buy The Sandbox
    • NFT News
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      • Cheapest NFT Projects
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      • New NFT Projects
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      • Sport NFT Drops
    • Invest in the Metaverse
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      • How to Invest in NFTs
      • Metaverse Projects
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      • How to Day Trade Stocks
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      • Islamic Brokers
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      • Best Forex Signals
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Business 2 Community
  • Investing
      • Best Cryptos
      • Best Beginner Cryptos
      • Best Crypto Under $1
      • Best Crypto Winter Tokens
      • Best Emerging Cryptos
      • Best ERC20 Tokens
      • Best Future Cryptocurrency
      • Best Utility Tokens
      • Coins to Buy on the Dip
      • Fastest Growing Crypto
      • Hottest Cryptos Right Now
      • Most Promising Cryptos
      • Next Crypto to Explode
      • Invest in Crypto
      • How to Invest in Bitcoin
      • How to Invest in DeFi
      • Long Term Investments
      • Low Market Cap Cryptos
      • Most Undervalued Cryptos
      • Penny Cryptocurrencies
      • New Cryptos
      • Best Crypto ICOs
      • Best Crypto IDOs
      • Best Crypto IEOs
      • Best Crypto STOs
      • Best Crypto Crowdsales
      • Best Crypto Presales
      • Best Crypto Private Sales
      • Buying Coins Pre Launch
      • Crypto Games
      • Best Blockchain Games
      • Best GameFi Cryptos
      • Best Gaming Crypto Coins
      • Best Play to Earn Games
      • Crypto News
      • Best Crypto Reddit
      • Best Crypto Signals
      • Crypto Tiktok Trends
      • Crypto Youtube Channels
      • Twitter Crypto Trends
      • Crypto Wallets
      • Best Cardano Wallets
      • Best DeFi Wallets
      • Best Ethereum Wallets
      • Best XRP Wallets
      • Crypto Bank Accounts
      • How to Spend Bitcoin
      • How to Spend Ethereum
      • Bitcoin Casinos
      • Best Bitcoin Gambling Sites
      • Best Crypto Lotteries
      • Bitcoin Blackjack Sites
      • Bitcoin Roulette Sites
      • Bitcoin Slots Sites
      • Ethereum Casinos
      • Earn Free Crypto
      • Best Crypto Airdrops
      • Best Crypto Faucets
      • Best Crypto Giveaways
      • Earn Free Bitcoin
      • Make Money With Crypto
      • Earn Interest on Crypto
      • Aqru Review
      • Best Staking Coins
      • Crypto Interest Accounts
      • Crypto Lending Platforms
      • Crypto Loan Sites
      • Crypto Savings Accounts
      • Crypto Staking
      • Earn Interest on Bitcoin
      • Earn interest on Ethereum
      • Earn Interest on Stables
      • What is APY in Crypto?
      • Yield Farming Platforms
      • Yield Farming vs Staking
      • DeFi Crypto Guides
      • Best DeFi Apps
      • Best DeFi Interest Rates
      • Best DEX Coins
      • DAO Crypto Projects
      • DeFi Lending Platforms
      • DeFi Staking Platforms
      • DeFi Swap Exchange
      • DeFi Yield Farming
      • Worldwide Crypto Guides
      • Best Africa Crypto Projects
      • Best Asia Crypto Projects
      • Best China Crypto Projects
      • Best Dubai Crypto Projects
      • Buy Bitcoin AU
      • Buy Bitcoin CA
      • Buy Bitcoin DE
      • Buy Bitcoin SG
      • Buy Bitcoin UAE
      • Buy Bitcoin UK
      • Buy Bitcoin ZA
      • Crypto Exchanges AU
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      • Bitcoin Mining Sites
      • Best Coins to Mine
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      • Monero Mining
      • Crypto Marketing
      • Financial PR Agencies
      • ICO Marketing
      • Web3 Marketing
  • Cryptocurrency
      • Buy Crypto
      • Buy Bitcoin
      • Buy BTC with Apple Pay
      • Buy BTC with Credit Card
      • Buy BTC with Bank Wire
      • Buy BTC with eToro
      • Buy BTC with Paypal
      • Buy BTC with Prepaid Card
      • Bitcoin Price Prediction
      • ALICE Price Prediction
      • ApeCoin Price Prediction
      • Axie Infinity Prediction
      • Battle Infinity Prediction
      • Cardano Price Prediction
      • Chia Coin Price Prediction
      • DeFi Coin Price Prediction
      • Dogecoin Price Prediction
      • Dogelon Mars Prediction
      • Ethereum Price Prediction
      • Floki Inu Price Prediction
      • Hoge Coin Price Prediction
      • LBLOCK Price Prediction
      • LUNA Price Prediction
      • Pi Coin Price Prediction
      • Polygon Price Prediction
      • SafeMoon Price Prediction
      • Samoyed Coin Prediction
      • Shiba Inu Price Prediction
      • Stepn GMT Price Prediction
      • SXP Coin Price Prediction
      • VeChain Price Prediction
      • XRP Price Prediction
      • Best Altcoins
      • Buy Battle Infinity
      • Buy Bitcoin Cash
      • Buy Binance Coin
      • Buy Celo
      • Buy Cardano
      • Buy Cartesi
      • Buy Chiliz
      • Buy Cronos
      • Buy Dash
      • Buy EOS
      • Buy ENS
      • Buy Ethereum
      • Buy Ethereum Classic
      • Buy FTX Token
      • Buy HBAR
      • Buy IOST
      • Buy IOTA
      • Buy Litecoin
      • Buy Livepeer
      • Buy Loopring
      • Buy Lucky Block
      • Buy LUNA 2.0
      • Buy LUNC
      • Buy Neo
      • Buy Pitbull Coin
      • Buy Polkadot
      • Buy RadioCaca
      • Buy Solana
      • Buy Spark
      • Buy VeChain
      • Buy XRP
      • Buy ZCash
      • Best Crypto Exchanges
      • Best Altcoin Exchange
      • Best Metaverse Platforms
      • Best Crypto Apps
      • Best DeFi Exchange
      • Best P2P Exchange
      • Binance Referral Bonus
      • Binance vs Coinbase
      • Binance Review
      • Best Binance Alternatives
      • Best Coinbase Alternatives
      • Bitstamp Review
      • Bitstamp Sign Up Bonus
      • Coinbase Review
      • Coinbase Sign Up Bonus
      • Crypto.com Review
      • Crypto.com Sign Up Bonus
      • Crypto.com Visa Card
      • Crypto Credit Cards
      • Crypto Tax Software
      • Margin Trading Exchanges
      • Social Trading Platforms
      • Best Meme Coins
      • Best Dog Cryptos
      • Buy Baby Doge
      • Buy Dogecoin
      • Buy Floki Inu
      • Buy Kiba Inu
      • Buy Shiba Inu
      • Buy Tamadoge
      • Best DeFi Coins
      • Buy 1inch
      • Buy Aave
      • Buy Algorand
      • Buy Ankr
      • Buy Avalanche
      • Buy Balancer
      • Buy Bancor
      • Buy Chainlink
      • Buy Compound
      • Buy Cosmos
      • Buy Curve
      • Buy DeFi Coin
      • Buy DYDX
      • Buy Fantom
      • Buy Kyber Network
      • Buy Maker
      • Buy Polygon
      • Buy Ren
      • Buy Serum
      • Buy Storj
      • Buy Sushiswap
      • Buy Tezos
      • Buy Uniswap
      • Best Web 3.0 Coins
      • Buy Basic Attention Token
      • Buy Biconomy
      • Buy Filecoin
      • Buy Theta
  • NFTs
      • How To Buy NFTs
      • Best NFT Apps
      • Best NFT Games
      • Best NFT Giveaways
      • Best NFT Lawyers
      • Best NFT Lottery Sites
      • Best NFT Presales
      • Best NFT Wallets
      • Best Utility NFT Projects
      • Buy NFTs on Binance
      • How to Flip NFTs
      • Make Money With NFTs
      • Best Metaverse Coins
      • Buy ApeCoin
      • Buy Axie Infinity
      • Buy Decentraland
      • Buy DeFi Kingdoms
      • Buy Enjin
      • Buy Gala
      • Buy GMT
      • Buy Immutable X
      • Buy The Sandbox
      • NFT News
      • Celebrity Backed NFTs
      • Celebrity NFT Owners
      • Cheapest NFT Projects
      • Coolest NFT Projects
      • Most Expensive NFTs
      • New NFT Projects
      • NFT Calendar
      • NFT Horse Racing Projects
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      • Invest in the Metaverse
      • Best Metaverse Apps
      • Best Metaverse Games
      • How to Invest in NFTs
      • Metaverse Projects
      • Metaverse Real Estate
      • NFT Land Projects
      • Best NFTs To Buy
      • Azuki NFTs
      • CryptoPunks NFTs
      • Lucky Block NFTs
      • PolygonPunks NFTs
      • Prime Ape Planet NFTs
      • VeeFriends NFTs
      • World of Women NFTs
      • NFT Marketplaces
      • Binance
      • Crypto.com
      • DraftKings
      • Looksrare
      • Magic Eden
      • NFT Launchpad
      • NFT Music Platforms
      • OpenSea
      • Rarible
  • Stocks
      • Types of Stocks
      • Best Biotech Stocks
      • Best Bitcoin ETFs
      • Best Blockchain Stocks
      • Best Cannabis Stocks
      • Best Cheap Stocks
      • Best DeFi Stocks
      • Best Dividend Stocks
      • Best Meme Stocks
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      • Best NFT Stocks
      • Best Oil Stocks
      • Best Penny Stocks
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      • Best 5G Stocks
      • Best Upcoming IPOs
      • Most Undervalued Stocks
      • Company Stocks
      • Buy Adobe Stock
      • Buy Alibaba Stock
      • Buy Alphabet Stock
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      • Buy AT&T Stock
      • Buy Disney Stock
      • Buy DocuSign Stock
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      • Buy Oil Stocks
      • Buy Stocks on eToro
      • Buy Stocks via Credit Card
      • Buy Stocks with PayPal
      • Invest in Stocks
      • Invest in NFT Stocks
    • Trading
        • Best Trading Platforms
        • Best Investment Apps
        • Capital.com Review
        • Copy Trading Platforms
        • Demo Accounts for Stocks
        • Day Trading Platforms UK
        • eToro Review
        • eToro Review UK
        • eToro Review ZA
        • How to Day Trade Stocks
        • How to Trade Commodities
        • How to Trade Crypto
        • How to Trade ETFs
        • How to Trade Gold
        • How to Trade NFTs
        • How to Trade Oil
        • Islamic Brokers
        • Low Margin Rate Brokers
        • Paper Trading Platforms
        • XTB Review
        • Best Forex Brokers
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        • Best Forex Brokers CA
        • Best Forex Brokers IN
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        • Best Forex Signals
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        • High Leverage Brokers
        • Low Spread Forex Brokers
        • Trading Robots
        • Algorithmic Trading
        • Bitcode AI Review
        • BitiCodes Review
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    Digital & Social⟩Leadership

    Oxygen: How Is Your Corporate Culture Breathing? (Part 2)

    author imageKane Pepi Last updated: 7 October 2012
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    A couple of weeks ago I wrote ‘Oxygen: How Is Your Corporate Culture Breathing (Part 1)’, which focused on quantitative research about the effects a toxic corporate culture can have on employee output and an organisation’s performance as a whole.

    This week’s follow-up article looks at the signs of a toxic corporate culture and how it effects employees personally.

    So just what constitutes a toxic corporate culture?

    An academic paper published by International Journal of Leadership Studies, titled from “Toxic versus cooperative behaviors at work: The role of organisational culture and leadership in creating community-centered organisations” (Gilbert, Carr-Ruffino, Ivancevich, Konopaske) provides an excellent summation of defining a toxic workplace: “A workplace may be toxic if: 

    1. mediocre performance is rewarded over merit-based output (Colligan & Higgins, 2006; Doyle & Kleiner, 1993)
    2. employees avoid disagreements with managers for fear of reprisal (Jones, 1996);
    3. personal agendas take precedence over the long-term well-being of the company (Atkinson & Butcher, 2003);
    4. leaders are constantly on edge and lose their tempers often (“Middle,” 2003);
    5. new leaders do not stay long and employee turnover is common; and,
    6. employees are treated more like financial liabilities than like assets (Macklem, 2005), and
    7. bosses routinely throw temper tantrums, make unreasonable demands, scream, and use obscenities (Anonymous, 2008).”

    One word springs to mind when I read a list like this – Values. It is clear that when assessing those companies whose culture is defined as toxic, the values of the organisation are either corrupt, non-existent or exist in the world of PowerPoint templates only. In other words values misalignment equals toxicity. In such environments many people choose to leave the organisation. An early 2012 survey by Corporate Crossovers of more than 300 female entrepreneurs found almost a quarter (23%) cited that culture and values misalignment was the main reason they have left their corporate jobs. The results, as demonstrated in the previous post (Part 1) can materially impact the bottom line.

    But what about those employees who stay? In a tough labour market, job choice is often limited and hence employees may be unable to resign without the security of a confirmed new job. Employees who continue to work under the stress of a toxic environment risk effecting their health. In a paper titled ‘Workplace Stress: ‘Etiology and Consequences‘ (Colligan and Higgins), the authors noting Katherine Macklem’s work (point 5 above) state, ”

    “Toxic workplaces are characterized by “relentless demands, extreme pressure, and brutal ruthlessness” (Macklem, 2005). Moreover, employees within a toxic work environment operate consistently in fear, paranoia, and increased anxiety states. Appraisals of threat or harm that arise from both high work demands and over-controlling/harassing environments have been found to be most often stress producing (Karasek & Theorell, 1990; Mausner-Dorsch & Eaton,2000). Employees experiencing chronic work stress have been shown to develop unstable blood pressure, increased cholesterol levels, muscle tension, diabetes, hypertension, ulcers, headaches, substance abuse, and clinical depression. Moreover, their capacity to concentrate and retain information becomes a problem. The employee also may experience significant anxiety, anger, and irritability (Israel et al., 1989), which may affect his or her capacity to maintain interpersonal relationships outside of the organization. Workplace stress has been shown to lower productivity, increase absenteeism, and create pervasive patterns of dysfunction in the workplace (Anderson & Puluch, 2001; Levin-Epstein, 2002). Stress has also led to changes in work habits, changes in personality (or social behavior), and job burnout. It is estimated that disorders related to stress annually claim nearly 10 percent of the earnings from businesses (Dyck, 2001).”

    Often we talk and read about corporate culture as though it is merely academic theory in some business school’s text book. However corporate culture is very real and a toxic corporate culture very dangerous. As the research shows a toxic work environment not only effects the health of an organisation, as measured by the bottom line, but also the physical health of employees. The evidence clearly demonstrates that it is in everyone’s best interest, be they directors, managers or employees, to ensure that a toxic culture is not allowed to develop. So if you think your company’s culture is sickly, chances are you may end up seeing a doctor… literally!

    —————————–

    Part 3 (Final) will focus on the primary causes of a toxic corporate culture.

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      This article originally appeared on Execution & Strategy and has been republished with permission.
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    Author: Kane Pepi

    <p>Kane Pepi is an experienced financial and cryptocurrency writer with over 2,000+ published articles, guides, and market insights in the public domain. Expert niche subjects include asset valuation and analysis, portfolio management, and the prevention of financial crime. Kane is particularly skilled in explaining complex financial topics in a user-friendly

    … View full profile ›


    More by this author:
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